Carbureter.



W. H. G. HIGGINS, JR.

GARBURETBR. Y APPLIOATION FILED JULY 9, 1910.

Patented May 20, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W. H. 0. HIGGINS, JR. GARBURETER.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 9, 1910.

Patented May 20, 1913.

I w. H. 0. HIGGINS, JR.

GARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 9, 1910.

Patented May 20, 1913.

I ll I I T L wire gauze D f To azz ao amaycaaam:f Be it'knownjthatLjWILniAM '11-; -Q ems, Jr., a "citizenof, theUnited States, re.-

wILL AM n. c. nxeerias an or LAPoMEQINnIANA a ma ma.

siding at; Laporte, in, the; county of 'LaporteandStat'e of Indiana, have invented a certain new and usefullinprovement in, .Carbureters, of. which the follow ng is; a

specification. f

' My invention relates to improvements in carbureters and is illustrated:- in the accom panying drawings, wherein.-l

-;F1gure 'ljis'a plan view in part section with'part'sremoved"; Fig. 23a sectionalong .the'line 2-2 ofTFig. 1;'Fi'g. 3, a sectionalong the line 3%3of Fig. 2; Fig. 4,21 sec.-

-- tion along the line lftof Fig. 1; Fig. 5, a

section along the line- 55 p of Fig. 4; and Fig.- 6, a detail of the needle valves.

Like 'parts are,

The casing A contains the liquid holding respectivelyof the valvesxA and nozzle A and are separated therefrom by the'parti t-iOILA The cover A containsv the priming holes'A in communication with the liquid charge pipes B, B, in communication with containing chambers and provided vwith the removable covers A A l V p 4 y The chambers A A are provided with the liquid supply "pipes 13, B and the disthe wells BEB, to maintain the liquid in the chambers at a constant level.

The-mixture dischargewpipe C and the air intake chamber C whichis provided her A through the-"mixture discharge\ openingC, andthe air intake opening Gain the permanent I valve seat" C, "upon which-Figides the slide valve 0 having the rectangular with the upwardly extending elbow G? in communication with the air plpe C are 1n COmmHIiIQat IOH with the carburetlng champerforation C therein and being"driveli by the connecting rod C in -the sleeve Cff.

The size of the air intake opening C maybe:

Varied by means of the shutter Ctflwhich is adapted to be'adjnsted in a. directionuper pendicular' tojthe path of the slide valve The needle valves A which control the flow of-oil and water from the chambers A and A consist ofthe cylinders D resting upon the partition A and having near'its base the perforations-D inclosed by the -The cylinder D which has indicated by like lettersthreughout the several figures; to the spring D which i UNIT D STATES- ao FroE,

- Specification areaara e Patented'May 20,1913,- I 1 hpplicationfikdJfi1y.9,:1910.. sternum. 571,167.

the perforations D ne ar its upper extremity,

is concentricallymounted within "the cylin- I I der D,. is in screw threaded engagement therewith; at its upper, end,' and extends downwardly through the opening 'D in the "partition A intothe chamber" A", .being' there provided with the enlargement D having the shoulders D carrying the packing D. to engage the partition A". The en-.v -largeme'nt D is" provided'wit-h the conical opening D in communication, by means of;

a passageway D, with the interior ofthe' cylinder D The cylinder 1) containsthe valve stem D screw threaded therein, provided with the guiding collar D having the apertures D" thereabout. Thestem D 1 carries the valve member D .to control the passageway D, and may be adjusted by means of the hand wheel D in opposition bears at one end upon the cover'At The chamber A has at one corner the pro ection E extending from near its bot- 1 tom and which contains the upwardly extending passageway E in communication with the cross passageway E controlled a screw E and whlc'h is in communicatlon in turn is. connectedwith the passage E in the noazle A.

with the downwardly extending passageway E which in turn communicates with the laterally extending passage E in the wall of the casingwhich The slot E 'leads from the top of the passageway E immediately'bene'ath the cover A? to the interior of the. chamber A and is of T.

sufli cient size to permit the passage of air to prevent the formationof a vsiphon and at the same time is not too great to prevent a suction of the fluid from the chamber A owing to the action of the vacuum in the carbureting chamber.

I have shown in my drawings an operative device but it willbe -evident 'thatnuv merous changesmight' be made in the size, shape and arrangement' of parts without departing materially from the spirit of my.

invention, and I wish, therefore, that my drawings beregarded as in a se nse diagrammatic, and that my application be not confined in scope to the identical device here- 1ft.

with shown.-

, While l'have called this devicea l l reter, m point of factit is not,'strictly or 'technlcaliy s eakin a carburete'r in the sense inwhic that term may be; employed.

It is? rather a device for mixing the elements similar arrangement wherein and so as to produce a mixture for internal com bustion englnes. In fact, the mixture as it issues from the so-called carbureter is not even combustible. The oil used is not vaporized in the so called arbureting chamber but is sim ly sprayed into the same in a finely di'vi ed condition. The tendency of the .oil when in that condition isto respond gravity and apparatus of very sensibly to the law of hence the importance in my the finely dimove m dimotion of the For example,

no tendency to rection antagonistic to the fluids through the chamber. if the oil is sprayedjnto the V a-chamber in the lower end of'which the in:

comlng air is admitted, it is obvious that the air will tend to move upwardly and thence out of the chamber, while gravity will tend tomove the finely divided particles of oil downwardly through the chamber in the opposite'direction. Inasmuch as themotion is vibratory, there are times when there is but little upward movement of the air and at such times particles of oil have an op ortunity to acquire momentum on their ownward course and the result is unsatisfactor and imperfect action and the eventual fioo ing of the lower walls and hottomfof the chamber. These tendencies are obviated-by the arrangement shown or any whereby the oil the current or .at least not in opposition thereto. .If, for example, the oil is injected from above into the laterally or downwardly moving current of air, to: move along with the current, and when the current is momentarily arrested these particles simply slightly shift their osition 1n the current but do not move a versely The process involved consists in introducing oil in finely divided but not a vaporized state into the current preferably from above but so as to avoid such antagonistic movements as above referred to. Of course, the particular form of structure here shown is only one of many which could be utilized to carry out this process and bring about this result. It will be understood, of course,

that the process relates to the use of an oil which is not volatile temperatures, in other words, sene and lower grade oils as distinguished at ordinary operative the use of kerofrom gasolene and'the naphthas. Of course, the carbureter in this particular form will operate with gasolene and naphthas, but it is particularlyadapted foruse in connection with the heavier fuel oils referred to.

The useand operation of my invent-ion are as follows: In providing a carburetor which is adapted to 'permitwthe-use in a hy-" drocarbon engine of the heavier less-inflammableolls such as kerosene,

gasolene.

way leading from upper end of 'ing at its bottom a needle valv nection between tends always to move forward with its particles will tend valve load It will be at once ential response of the water and oil nozzles tamed in itv is necessary v1 0 provide a priming fluid for starting the engine. This'fuel usually takes the form of I provide therefore a carburetor having a mixing chamber and integral therewith oil, water and gasolene chambers.

:Thegasolene chamber communicates with the mixing chamber by'means of apassageway in'the wall of thecarbureter, sal passagethe bottom of the gasotop of such chamber and lene chamber to the wa 1 connecting finally down within the with a'noz zle in the-mixing chamber. r'qThis passageway is adapted *to belroughly' controlled by means of a screw The oil and water chambers each communicate'withthe mixing; chamber bymeans of 'ane'edle valve which is made up of two concentric cylinders', theouter one perforated tom and surrounded with a protecting gauze,

the inner'perforated near its top andhavw e, which; may

nearits botbe operated to adjust the supplyl The',-conall three of and the mixing chamber is thus such a connection that the liquid'is not permitted to freely owing to gravity but must'be- The. gasoleneflow sucked from the chamber. A chamber is adapted to be filledonly when the engine is to be started, whereas the oil and water chambers are adapted to'be: filled constantly, and to this end I provide feed pipes for each of them and an overflow pipe the chambers I n each which is adapted tomaintain the height of the liquid constantf .Oneside of the 'carbureting or mixing chamber conslsts of a permanent seat m which are located air intake and mixture outlet ports, the former adjustable'insize by means of a movable shutter. The mixture is drawn from andthrough the carbureter vby the engine, being controlled in amount-by a slide valve riding upon the perma'nent valve seatwhich is adapted to varv the vacuum in the chamber to control the amount of hydrocarbon and water in the mixture The water and hydrocarbon valves are so arranged that while the hydrocarbon um, andthese valves are so adjusted that as the vacuum increases ow ng tothe 1ncreased load, the oil will increase until half has been'reached, at whichpoiut the waterwill commence to flow and from then onfmcrease in relative rapidity until at full load there will be approximately as much Water as hydrocarbon in the mixture.-

evident that the differeasily ob- 'might be changed. The liquid might be fed responds to any vacuum the water valve responds only to a much greater vacuto one valvechamber more'rapidly' than to Y the other thus controlling the pressure, or

might'beusedto vary the head. In fact, an infinitenuniber of different methods might different heights of liquid in the reservoirs be adopted torenderj the nozzles diiiere'ntially responsive to the vacuum. q

' Whe the engine is to". be operated, the

' gasolene chamber is first filled and a miX- tureof air and gasoleneniade in the carbureter in the usual manner to drive the en l gins. As soon as the cylinder isheated up, v "the gasolene will be exhausted and first the valve will become operated.

oil valve, and as the load increases the water :It will be unders'tood, of'eourse, that my invention is applicable, to. the use of any kind ofliquid fuel suchas oil,

gasolene,

coholandofther siinilar fluids.

It; will: be evidentthat si ce-i; canretergis to be used ;'in connection with. the heavier, less volatile,. crude .oils,=f itI will be 1 necessary to employalighter, more volatile,

fuel when the -engine is. first startedftto heat;

up the cylinder as'otherwise the heavier oils will not ignite, it being a well known fact that heavieroils must be broughtto at relatively high temperature and the cylin-.

- derand piston must be thoroughly heated before the engine ca'nbe made to burn these heavy oils. For this reason lwemploy gasolene or'some other readily ignited fluid.

F It will be observed-.- that the arrangement of the needlefvalve is-such that a-- certain siphoning efiectmight-be expected which would tend-to empty the fuel from the reservoir/into the mixing chamber independent of thesuction or vacuumset up therein.

phoning discharge which takes place is rel-- Experience shows that this effect is exceedinglyslight owing probably to the frictional resistance andthe very slight advantage of thedis charge over the intake-arm of the siphon togetherwith the fact that, in all prob"- ability, the leakageof airaround the'screwthreaded connection. between "the: needle valve stem and the "sleeve is sufficient to.

break the vacuum. In any event, any siatively somuch smaller than the discharge when the engine is stopped.

owing to the suction of the carburetin or mixing chamber, that the siphoninge dect is negligible, and even ifthere wasa siphon-- ing tendency whenthe engine was i-dl'e, this, would be of no importance since the. fuel and water valves are habitually turned ,oti

' With regard to the auxiliary fuel supply and the passages leading from'the supply chamber tothe mixing chamber, it will-be evident that these passag es areof different shape and of larger cross sectional area with respectto the area of their walls and therefore the siphoning action is much more prommentand for, thlsreason 1t; is neces sary to provide some means for interrupting it,particularly'in v-iew of the fact that; it is ordinarily not desirable to close this passage as itfmust commence .to op'erate ima mediately the engine is started. It will be observed that the siphoning action is interrupted-bythe air passage'at the top :of

sectional area to admit s'ufiicient', air {to inthe siphon'and this passage, while'of such small cross sectional area .that sufli'cientair cannot enter to interrupt the suction due to the carbureter, is. of sufliciently' greatizross ter rupt thesiphoning action due'inerely-t o passage. The position of theair andwa'ter valvesin this form of my invention is such, that they discharge downward-1y intof the carbureting chamber where the path of the the weight of the column of inaterial inxthe air is substantially horizontal between the i" airintake and mixture'dischargeports ad-. jacent one of the discharge nozzles and sub stantially vertical downwardly tlhough the mixture dischargeport adjacent the other 7 nozzle, and thel-iquidwvhich'is sprayedor *atomized from and by'thesenozzles;is'Zdischargedin finely divided particles into this air current, The reciprocatory action of the engineand -it-s intermittent suction stro 'es draws the-mixture from the "carbureter in-' termittentlyand there are :periodsfbetween I the suction strokes. when theair will besubstantially atrest; During theseperiods the,

liquid particles will n'ot be'acted upon bythe air current. but'will be allowed to fallfreely "either into and out through thdmixture discharge port or else toward'the bottom of the carbureter." However, the frequency of the pulsations will be so g'reat-.-thatthese particles willnot have time under, ordinary cir cumstances to reach the bottom. of the chamj her before they are algainacted upon'bv the air current and thevelocity' whichthey will be lost in the carbureter iii-reversing Y the movement of thes'eparticles.

It will be evident thati'n a 'carbureter's'uch as this Whichis primarily designed for use with the heavier non-volatile hydrocarbons it is important thatthe atomized liquid particles will be'so fed to the carbureting chamher and to the engine tha't'theywill never through the action of gravity movein' a direction opposedto the direction' which they move toward-the engine. These particles are, of course, 'ofgreater specific gravity than'the air and, therefore, it is advantageous to, so arrange the carbureter with, re spect to; the engine and to soarrange the fuel supply nozzles with respectto the carbureter and the engine that the finely divided fuel I particles may beconveyed by the air current:

Gopies of this patent may be obtainedfor five cents each, by

to the engine with a minimum change in direction since, if the particles are carried around sharp bends, they Will be thrown out of the air current owing to their greater density.

lclaimz' 1. A carburetor comprising a mixing. chamber, a plurality of fluid containing reservoirs integral with and communicating with said chamber, a passageway leading from the bottom of one of said reservoirs upwardly through the Wall of the carbureter, downwardly and laterally Within the casing Wall to the mixing chamber and means for interrupting the automatic action of the-siphon-like passage so formed.

2. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamben a plurality of liquid containing reservoirs integral with and communicating. with said chamber, and a siphon leading from one of said reservoirs to the mixing chamber. Y

3. A carburetor comprising a mixing chamber, afiplurality of liquid containing reservoirs integral with and communicating is fed only in response to a negative presvv'ith said chamber, and a siphon leading sure in said vacuum chamber.

fromone of-said reservoirs to the mix'ing wWILLIAM H C HIGGINS JR chamber, passages controlled by a single integral valve, fuel and water reservoirs integral With said carbureter and discharging into .said carbureting chamber, valves controlreservoir, and an auxiliary priming fluid chamber integral'with said carburetor and a siphon like connection between said car,- b'ureting chamber and said priming fluid reservoir.

5. In a carbureter, chamber having fuel having a nozzle opening into the carbureting chamber separate and distinct one from the other and adapted to vary their feeds resp0nsive to variations in the vacuum in the carbureterchambenan air inlet and a mixture outlet in combination with means for simultaneously but unequally varying both of their respective areas during operation, one

and provided with a passagefrom the nozzle to the reservoir through which the fluid chamber, said siphon perforated at its uppermost point to interrupt the siphon ac- Witnesses: i

ion.. i I J. A. Kmsnn,

4. A carbureter comprising a vacuum GHAs. W. BEALL. I

addressing the Commissioner of l atentl,

Washington, D. G. v v I 7 I. l air inlet and mixture discharge ling the supply from'said reservoirs to said fluid reservoir placed higher than its nozzle a vacuum carbureter and Water inlets each 

